What type of multiples can provide insights for companies without any revenue?

User engagement metrics multiples can be particularly insightful for companies that do not currently generate revenue, especially in the context of startups or tech firms that may be in the early stages of development. These multiples analyze metrics such as active users, pageviews, or other indicators of customer interaction, which can be crucial for understanding a company's potential future revenue generation.

Investors and analysts often look to user engagement as an early signal of a company's growth trajectory and market acceptance. Companies may not have revenue yet, but strong user engagement can suggest a robust business model and potential for future profitability, making these metrics valuable for valuation purposes.

Operating income multiples typically focus on profitability, which is irrelevant to companies without revenue. Revenue multiples assess a company's sales performance, making them unsuitable for evaluation in the absence of earnings. Market capitalization multiples relate to the total market value of a company's outstanding shares, but they do not provide insights specific to companies without any revenue. Therefore, user engagement metrics are the most relevant form of multiples for understanding the potential of such businesses.